{"id":646,"date":"2015-04-01T18:31:22","date_gmt":"2015-04-01T18:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/?page_id=646"},"modified":"2023-02-21T16:55:08","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T16:55:08","slug":"els-antics-oficis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/ecomuseu\/els-antics-oficis\/","title":{"rendered":"Els antics oficis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:7.68%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/8.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/8-antics-oficis.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1100px + 0px );margin-left: calc(-0px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-0px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">El <strong>pag\u00e8s<\/strong> o <strong>foraviler<\/strong>, que es com es denomina a Campos a la persona que treballa la terra i que viu normalment a\u00a0l\u2019explotaci\u00f3, fora de la vila, \u00e9s l\u2019antic ofici relacionat per excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia. En aquest sentit, els m\u00e8todes de treball de la terra i crian\u00e7a d\u2019animals res tenen a veure\u00a0als nostres dies\u00a0amb com es feia\u00a0abans.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">En qualsevol cas, ens centrarem per\u00f2 amb\u00a0els antics oficis vinculats a les pr\u00e0ctiques agr\u00edcoles pr\u00f2pies de la zona, b\u00e9 en <strong>vies de desaparici\u00f3,\u00a0<\/strong>b\u00e9 que hagin evolucionat en el temps, mantenint-se\u00a0gr\u00e0cies a\u00a0la industrialitzaci\u00f3 i modernitzaci\u00f3 del camp, o b\u00e9\u00a0que hagin desaparegut de les explotacions al\u00a0deixar de ser viables.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hi havia multitud de treballs que realitzaven en el seu dia jornalers especialitzats, una m\u00e0 d\u2019obra que va ser substitu\u00efda per la mecanitzaci\u00f3 o que va deixar d\u2019interessar per canvis\u00a0a les pr\u00e0ctiques agr\u00edcola-ramaderes, cercant una major rendibilitat del sector. Per exemple, els <strong>segadors<\/strong>, els <strong>tomadors<\/strong> d\u2019ametlles, les <strong>collidores <\/strong>de t\u00e0peres o els <strong>tonadors<\/strong>. Fins i tot els <strong>matancers,\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0els\u00a0<strong>pastors o<\/strong>\u00a0els porquers\u00a0podrien formar part d\u2019aquest grup.<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 0px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 0px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-0px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-0px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/esquileo.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">El <strong>marger<\/strong>\u00a0n&#8217;\u00e9s un altre exemple, encara que gran part d\u2019ells varen poder <strong>reconvertir-se<\/strong> i aprofitar el <em>boom<\/em> de la construcci\u00f3, que a\u00a0l\u2019illa va demandar gent que sab\u00e9s treballar la pedra.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tamb\u00e9 la figura del\u00a0<strong>placer<\/strong>, que va a vendre al mercat els productes de la pr\u00f2pia l\u2019explotaci\u00f3, es troba en un clar retroc\u00e9s a causa de la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de grans superf\u00edcies comercials i dels actuals h\u00e0bits de compra de la poblaci\u00f3. Al mateix temps, n&#8217;hi va haver d\u2019altres m\u00e9s acords amb la denominaci\u00f3 <strong>d\u2019artesans<\/strong>, com varen ser aquells que fabricaven els <strong>collarets<\/strong> per la subjecci\u00f3 dels <strong>picarols<\/strong>\u00a0a les ovelles, amb\u00a0fusta de lledoner. Tamb\u00e9 els mateixos fabricants dels picarols, fets amb\u00a0xapa de ferro o els \u00a0<strong>cordadors de cadires, que a cada casa s&#8217;hi podia trobar\u00a0una persona especialitzada<\/strong>.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Centrats en la realitat espec\u00edfica de Campos, a principis del segle XX es pot xerrar tamb\u00e9 d\u2019uns oficis molt espec\u00edfics. Amb la necessitat de <strong>l\u2019excavaci\u00f3 de pous<\/strong> va apar\u00e8ixer la figura del <strong>picador<\/strong>. Amb l\u2019ajuda d\u2019un pic\u00f3, una aixada, un c\u00e0vec i una senalla, havia d&#8217;excavar un forat no m\u00e9s gros de 1,50 metres quadrats. I tot aix\u00f2 sense perdre la verticalitat \u00a0a una profunditat suficient com per arribar a l\u2019aigua subterr\u00e0nia (manualment es va aconseguir arribar fins als 50 metres de profunditat). Posteriorment, l\u2019arribada del compressor d\u2019aire va facilitar molt el proc\u00e9s de picat de la roca.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">El <strong>picapedrer<\/strong> era qui s\u2019encarregava de col\u00b7locar els travessers, unes barres que es col\u00b7locaven de manera transversal en el pou cada 1,50 metres fabricades amb fusta d\u2019ametller. Feien la funci\u00f3 d\u2019escala fins arribar a l\u2019aigua, a on tamb\u00e9 fixava amb una base de formig\u00f3 les bombes de pist\u00f3. Aix\u00ed mateix, la fabricaci\u00f3 i col\u00b7locaci\u00f3 del mol\u00ed de vent va fer que <strong>fusters i ferrers<\/strong>, que ja tenien unes habilitats m\u00e9s que demostrades, com l\u2019exhibida en la fabricaci\u00f3 de les rodes dels carros de tir, es capacitaren i especialitzaren tamb\u00e9 per escometre aquests nous requeriments.<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Mallorca_PaisajesSonoros-22.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-soundcloud\"><iframe scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"180\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/ecomuseo-son-llado\/oficio-herrero-campos-mallorca&amp;auto_play=false&amp;hide_related=true&amp;show_comments=true&amp;show_user=true&amp;show_reposts=false&amp;visual=false&amp;color=165a93\" title=\"soundcloud\"><\/iframe><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amb la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 dels <strong>motors di\u00e8sel<\/strong>, que varen fer funcionar les mecanitzacions dels pous en substituci\u00f3 dels molins de vent i varen possibilitar extreura aigua a m\u00e9s fondaria, va entrar en joc un nou especialista: <strong>el ferrer-mec\u00e0nic<\/strong>. Quasi tots els ferrers\u00a0de Campos comptaven amb una persona capacitada primer per instal.lar els vergats i\u00a0les bombes als pous i despr\u00e9s per baixar \u00a0fins l&#8217;aigua quan es requeria per la seva reparaci\u00f3, ja que eren\u00a0les parts de la instal.laci\u00f3\u00a0que presentaven majors incid\u00e8ncies. Tamb\u00e9 hi havia tallers amb\u00a0un operari amb coneixements de mec\u00e0nica especialitzat\u00a0en la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 i la reparaci\u00f3 dels motors di\u00e8sel.<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-vimeo\" style=\"--awb-max-width:1200px;--awb-max-height:675px;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><lite-vimeo videoid=\"128582119\" class=\"landscape\" params=\"&autopause=0\" title=\"Vimeo video player 1\"><\/lite-vimeo><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">La xarxa d&#8217;electrificaci\u00f3 rural del municipi de Campos, juntament amb les noves t\u00e8cniques d\u2019excavaci\u00f3 de pous, va possibilitar la perforaci\u00f3 i extracci\u00f3 d&#8217;aigua a major profunditat. Aix\u00f2 va suposar un auge dels <strong>motors el\u00e8ctrics<\/strong> i l\u2019aparici\u00f3 de les primeres <strong>bombes submergibles<\/strong>, en detriment de tota aquesta enginyeria instal\u00b7lada per fer aflorar\u00a0l&#8217;aigua a la superf\u00edcie.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u2019altra banda, el <strong>selleter,<\/strong>\u00a0la persona que treballa diversos articles de cuir i les\u00a0guarnicions per les cavalleries, necessari sempre pel un\u00a0m\u00f3n rural depenent dels equins, va jugar un paper clau\u00a0en el\u00a0desenvolupament agricola-ramader\u00a0de Campos, i\u00a0va veure incrementat notablement el seu treball. Juntament amb el de <strong>ferrador<\/strong> son\u00a0dos\u00a0oficis antics que perviuen gr\u00e0cies al nou rol d\u2019oci i entreteniment que ha agafat la figura del cavall.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">El <strong>fariner<\/strong> tamb\u00e9 va tenir una import\u00e0ncia capital en el desenvolupament de la societat. No nom\u00e9s a Campos, a on es va arribar a comptar amb 33 molins fariners, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 a nivell global. En terra de cereals, amb una poblaci\u00f3 en augment i amb el sorgiment d\u2019una ramaderia que demandava el consum de farines primer i de pinsos compostos despr\u00e9s, la seva funci\u00f3 va ser imprescindible. Va ser aix\u00ed fins que la <strong>importaci\u00f3<\/strong> de farines i el control del mercat per altres agents va marcar el seu declivi.<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":628,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-646","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/646"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=646"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2514,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/646\/revisions\/2514"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}