{"id":642,"date":"2015-04-01T18:29:47","date_gmt":"2015-04-01T18:29:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/?page_id=642"},"modified":"2023-02-21T16:55:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T16:55:09","slug":"el-cicle-agricola-anual","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/ecomuseu\/el-cicle-agricola-anual\/","title":{"rendered":"El cicle agr\u00edcola anual"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:7.68%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/6.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/6-cicle-agricola.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1100px + 0px );margin-left: calc(-0px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-0px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>A\u00a0Mallorca<\/strong> en general i a\u00a0<strong>Campos<\/strong> en particular existeix una estreta relaci\u00f3 entre el cicle agr\u00edcola anual i les festes populars. Al mateix temps \u00e9s molt dif\u00edcil desvincular-lo de les festes religioses. Aix\u00ed, es pot dir que la temporada agr\u00edcola en el calendari s\u2019iniciava el 29 de setembre, dia dels <strong>Sants Arc\u00e0ngels Miquel, Rafael i Gabriel<\/strong>. En aquesta data s\u2019iniciaven els contractes d\u2019arrendament i parceria de les finques agr\u00edcola-ramaderes de\u00a0<strong>Campos<\/strong>. Com que s\u2019iniciaven oficialment noves explotacions i altres canviaven de titulars, es generaven uns dies de molt tr\u00e0fec d\u2019animals i eines que culminaven el 29 de setembre.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aquesta era la data escollida perqu\u00e8 la temporada de pluges estava per arribar i era important comen\u00e7ar amb les tasques de llaurat i preparaci\u00f3 de les terres per a la sembra. I m\u00e9s encara tenint en compte que, en el sud de l\u2019illa i en les regions de clima mediterrani en general, es compta nom\u00e9s amb una sola temporada agr\u00edcola amb r\u00e8gim de pluges profitoses.<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 0px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 0px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-0px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-0px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/14.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Establert el regadiu en\u00a0les finques de <strong>Campos<\/strong> i amb una ramaderia potent, aquest problema va passar a un segon pla, per\u00f2 encara aix\u00ed existien els cultius de temporada hivernal (alfals d&#8217;hivern, pastura o coliflor) i estival (blat de moro, canyamel o gira-sol), destinats a l\u2019alimentaci\u00f3 animal. Com que en\u00a0la majoria de finques el regadiu no arribava al total de les hect\u00e0rees amb les que es comptava, era tamb\u00e9 important i necess\u00e0ria la producci\u00f3 aportada per les terres de sec\u00e0.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">En aquest punt ens centrarem en la sembra hivernal de sec\u00e0 i en la maquin\u00e0ria utilitzada. Inicialment s\u2019usaven animals de tir, primer bous i vaques, despr\u00e9s ases i muls i, finalment, cavalls de ra\u00e7a perxerona.\u00a0Amb\u00a0l\u2019arribada dels tractors b\u00e0sicament es va seguir el mateix patr\u00f3, nom\u00e9s\u00a0que amb una major pot\u00e8ncia de tir i amb nova maquin\u00e0ria que automatitzava els processos (embaladores, remolcs autocarregadors, batadores, etc.).<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Mallorca_PaisajesSonoros-260.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-soundcloud\"><iframe scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"180\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/ecomuseo-son-llado\/arado-de-traccion-animal-campos-mallorca&amp;auto_play=false&amp;hide_related=true&amp;show_comments=true&amp;show_user=true&amp;show_reposts=false&amp;visual=false&amp;color=165a93\" title=\"soundcloud\"><\/iframe><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aix\u00ed doncs, es comen\u00e7ava amb l\u2019arada per voltejar la terra, la rastra per rompre els terrossos de terra (hem de recordar que a\u00a0<strong>Campos<\/strong> es terra de call vermell), el cultivador o sembradora i, finalment, es passava un cilindre per allisar (primer de pedra o formig\u00f3 fins arribar als met\u00e0l\u00b7lics que manegen avui dia els tractors). El cultiu per excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia de sec\u00e0 era, i continua sent, el cereal (civada, blat i ordi, b\u00e0sicament).<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si la demanda dels animals de la finca ho requeria, una part s\u2019utilitzava com a farratge en la seva alimentaci\u00f3. En arribar a finals de la primavera, comen\u00e7ava <strong>la sega del cereal per fer\u00a0garbes (d\u2019avena i d&#8217;ordi normalment)<\/strong>. Es destinava una part molt important a aquesta finalitat, una pr\u00e0ctica que encara perdura i continua sent b\u00e0sica en la dieta dels animals gr\u00e0cies a\u00a0les possibilitats de conservaci\u00f3 i emmagatzematge que presenta. La resta era, i continua sent, destinat a la producci\u00f3 de gra i es batia. Abans d\u2019apar\u00e8ixer engings com la m\u00e0quina de segar de tracci\u00f3 animal, es segava a m\u00e0 amb la fal\u00e7 i la faucella, una labor pr\u00f2pia de finals de juny.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">En aquell moment s\u2019agafava en garbes i es transportava mitjan\u00e7ant carros a l\u2019era, un espai de forma circular, d\u2019uns quinze metres de di\u00e0metre, amb el s\u00f2l ben compactat. All\u00e0, amb l\u2019ajuda de l\u2019equ\u00ed disponible a\u00a0la finca, <strong>es batia fent girar en rod\u00f3 a l\u2019animal tirant del carret\u00f3<\/strong>, fins a deixar ben desgranat el cereal. Finalment es ventava per separar el gra de la palla, es recollia, es deixava assecar uns dies al sol i es guardava al graner, habitualment ubicat a\u00a0l\u2019interior de la casa i, si podia ser, a\u00a0un pis superior.<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/8-collir-t\u00e0peres.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Segat\u00a0el cereal, creixien i florien les tapereres als mateixos camps de sec\u00e0 on\u00a0tamb\u00e9 es conreaven els ametllers. Aquest era un clar exemple del saber fer i del coneixement tradicional, que permetia aconseguir tres collites diferents amb aquest aprofitament rotacional i espacial de la mateixa parcel\u00b7la. Coincidint\u00a0amb l\u2019arribada de l\u2019estiu, es recollien tamb\u00e9 fruits. Per exemple, els albercocs, que s\u2019obrien i es deixaven assecar al sol en els sequers. <strong>Aquest proc\u00e9s feia \u00fas de molta m\u00e0 d\u2019obra temporal<\/strong>, especialment femenina, a m\u00e9s dels \u00a0joves en per\u00edode escolar durant les vacances.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Despr\u00e9s de les festes patronals de la <strong>Mare de D\u00e9u d\u2019Agost<\/strong>, el 15 d\u2019agost, es comen\u00e7ava amb la recol\u00b7lecci\u00f3 de les ametlles. Tot seguit, es continuava amb la recol\u00b7lecci\u00f3 de les garrofes i les figues\u00a0que\u00a0finalitzava a finals de\u00a0setembre.<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-6 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/batadora-e1438183889653.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-7 hover-type-none fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeInDown\" data-animationDuration=\"0.1\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Mallorca_PaisajesSonoros-243.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive\"\/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":628,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-642","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/642"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=642"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2518,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/642\/revisions\/2518"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecomuseosonllado.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}